What type of rail car has exposed fittings?

The type of rail car that has exposed fittings is typically a non-pressure or low-pressure tank car. These cars are designed to carry liquids that do not require a high level of pressure for transportation. As a result, the fittings, which include valves and hatches, are more commonly exposed since they do not need to be sealed under high pressure like their high-pressure counterparts.

Non-pressure or low-pressure tank cars are more straightforward in their design, making it easier for operators to access the fittings for loading and unloading. This accessibility is a key characteristic that distinguishes them from pressure or high-pressure tanks, which are built with features that ensure their contents are contained under high pressure, often having protective coverings to prevent accidental release of hazardous materials.

In contrast, hopper cars are designed for bulk materials like grains or minerals, and cryogenic liquid tanks are specifically built to handle materials at extremely low temperatures, with their fittings designed to manage the specific demands of the cryogenic cargo.